Evaluation Using Zeros of a Cubic Polynomial

Video Explanation

Question

If \( \alpha, \beta, \gamma \) are the zeroes of the polynomial

\[ f(x) = ax^3 + bx^2 + cx + d, \]

find

\[ \frac{1}{\alpha} + \frac{1}{\beta} + \frac{1}{\gamma}. \]

Solution

Step 1: Write Relations Between Zeroes and Coefficients

For the cubic polynomial \(ax^3 + bx^2 + cx + d\),

\[ \alpha + \beta + \gamma = -\frac{b}{a} \]

\[ \alpha\beta + \beta\gamma + \gamma\alpha = \frac{c}{a} \]

\[ \alpha\beta\gamma = -\frac{d}{a} \]

Step 2: Evaluate the Required Expression

\[ \frac{1}{\alpha} + \frac{1}{\beta} + \frac{1}{\gamma} = \frac{\alpha\beta + \beta\gamma + \gamma\alpha}{\alpha\beta\gamma} \]

Substitute the values:

\[ = \frac{\frac{c}{a}}{-\frac{d}{a}} \]

\[ = -\frac{c}{d} \]

Conclusion

\[ \boxed{\frac{1}{\alpha} + \frac{1}{\beta} + \frac{1}{\gamma} = -\frac{c}{d}} \]

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