Solve \( \cos^{-1}\left(\frac{x^2 – 1}{x^2 + 1}\right) + \frac{1}{2}\tan^{-1}\left(\frac{2x}{1 – x^2}\right) = \frac{2\pi}{3} \)
Solution:
Use identities:
\[ \cos^{-1}\left(\frac{1 – t^2}{1 + t^2}\right) = 2\tan^{-1}(t) \]
Here,
\[ \frac{x^2 – 1}{x^2 + 1} = -\frac{1 – x^2}{1 + x^2} \]
So,
\[ \cos^{-1}\left(\frac{x^2 – 1}{x^2 + 1}\right) = \pi – 2\tan^{-1}(x) \]
Also,
\[ \tan^{-1}\left(\frac{2x}{1 – x^2}\right) = 2\tan^{-1}(x) \]
Substitute:
\[ \pi – 2\tan^{-1}(x) + \frac{1}{2}(2\tan^{-1}(x)) = \frac{2\pi}{3} \]
\[ \pi – 2\tan^{-1}(x) + \tan^{-1}(x) = \frac{2\pi}{3} \]
\[ \pi – \tan^{-1}(x) = \frac{2\pi}{3} \]
\[ \tan^{-1}(x) = \frac{\pi}{3} \]
\[ x = \tan\left(\frac{\pi}{3}\right) = \sqrt{3} \]
Final Answer:
\[ x = \sqrt{3} \]