Prove that \( 2\tan^{-1}\left(\frac{1}{2}\right) + \tan^{-1}\left(\frac{1}{7}\right) = \tan^{-1}\left(\frac{31}{17}\right) \)
Solution:
Let
\[ \theta = \tan^{-1}\left(\frac{1}{2}\right) \]
Then,
\[ \tan \theta = \frac{1}{2} \]
Using double angle identity:
\[ \tan(2\theta) = \frac{2\tan\theta}{1 – \tan^2\theta} \]
\[ = \frac{2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}}{1 – \frac{1}{4}} = \frac{1}{3/4} = \frac{4}{3} \]
\[ \Rightarrow 2\theta = \tan^{-1}\left(\frac{4}{3}\right) \]
Now consider:
\[ \tan^{-1}\left(\frac{4}{3}\right) + \tan^{-1}\left(\frac{1}{7}\right) \]
Using identity:
\[ \tan^{-1}a + \tan^{-1}b = \tan^{-1}\left(\frac{a + b}{1 – ab}\right) \]
\[ = \tan^{-1}\left(\frac{\frac{4}{3} + \frac{1}{7}}{1 – \frac{4}{3}\cdot\frac{1}{7}}\right) \]
\[ = \tan^{-1}\left(\frac{\frac{28 + 3}{21}}{1 – \frac{4}{21}}\right) \]
\[ = \tan^{-1}\left(\frac{31/21}{17/21}\right) = \tan^{-1}\left(\frac{31}{17}\right) \]
Hence,
\[ 2\tan^{-1}\left(\frac{1}{2}\right) + \tan^{-1}\left(\frac{1}{7}\right) = \tan^{-1}\left(\frac{31}{17}\right) \]
Final Answer:
\[ 2\tan^{-1}\left(\frac{1}{2}\right) + \tan^{-1}\left(\frac{1}{7}\right) = \tan^{-1}\left(\frac{31}{17}\right) \]