Prove that \( \tan^{-1}\left(\frac{1}{7}\right) + 2\tan^{-1}\left(\frac{1}{3}\right) = \frac{\pi}{4} \)
Solution:
Let
\[ \theta = \tan^{-1}\left(\frac{1}{3}\right) \]
Then,
\[ \tan \theta = \frac{1}{3} \]
Using double angle identity:
\[ \tan(2\theta) = \frac{2\tan\theta}{1 – \tan^2\theta} \]
\[ = \frac{2 \cdot \frac{1}{3}}{1 – \left(\frac{1}{3}\right)^2} \]
\[ = \frac{2/3}{1 – 1/9} = \frac{2/3}{8/9} = \frac{2}{3} \times \frac{9}{8} = \frac{3}{4} \]
Thus,
\[ 2\theta = \tan^{-1}\left(\frac{3}{4}\right) \]
Now consider:
\[ \tan^{-1}\left(\frac{1}{7}\right) + \tan^{-1}\left(\frac{3}{4}\right) \]
Using identity:
\[ \tan^{-1}a + \tan^{-1}b = \tan^{-1}\left(\frac{a+b}{1 – ab}\right) \]
\[ = \tan^{-1}\left(\frac{\frac{1}{7} + \frac{3}{4}}{1 – \frac{1}{7}\cdot\frac{3}{4}}\right) \]
\[ = \tan^{-1}\left(\frac{\frac{4 + 21}{28}}{1 – \frac{3}{28}}\right) \]
\[ = \tan^{-1}\left(\frac{25/28}{25/28}\right) = \tan^{-1}(1) \]
\[ = \frac{\pi}{4} \]
Hence,
\[ \tan^{-1}\left(\frac{1}{7}\right) + 2\tan^{-1}\left(\frac{1}{3}\right) = \frac{\pi}{4} \]
Final Answer:
\[ \tan^{-1}\left(\frac{1}{7}\right) + 2\tan^{-1}\left(\frac{1}{3}\right) = \frac{\pi}{4} \]