Principal Value of cos⁻¹(cos 2π/3) + sin⁻¹(sin 2π/3)

Question

Find the principal value of:

\[ \cos^{-1}(\cos \tfrac{2\pi}{3}) + \sin^{-1}(\sin \tfrac{2\pi}{3}) \]

Solution

Principal value ranges:

  • \( \cos^{-1}x \in [0, \pi] \)
  • \( \sin^{-1}x \in [-\frac{\pi}{2}, \frac{\pi}{2}] \)

First,

\[ \cos^{-1}(\cos \tfrac{2\pi}{3}) = \tfrac{2\pi}{3} \]

(since \( \tfrac{2\pi}{3} \in [0, \pi] \))

Next,

\[ \sin^{-1}(\sin \tfrac{2\pi}{3}) \]

Since \( \tfrac{2\pi}{3} \notin [-\tfrac{\pi}{2}, \tfrac{\pi}{2}] \), use:

\[ \sin^{-1}(\sin x) = \pi – x \quad \text{for } \frac{\pi}{2} < x < \pi \]

\[ = \pi – \frac{2\pi}{3} = \frac{\pi}{3} \]

Therefore,

\[ \frac{2\pi}{3} + \frac{\pi}{3} = \pi \]

Final Answer:

\[ \boxed{\pi} \]

Key Concept

Always apply principal value ranges carefully for inverse trigonometric functions.

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