Find the Value of cos²76° + cos²16° − cos76° cos16°

Question

Find the value of

\[ \cos^2 76^\circ+\cos^2 16^\circ-\cos76^\circ\cos16^\circ. \]

Solution

Since

\[ 76^\circ+14^\circ=90^\circ, \]

we have

\[ \cos76^\circ=\sin14^\circ. \]

Let

\[ a=\cos76^\circ,\qquad b=\cos16^\circ. \]

Using the identity

\[ a^2+b^2-ab=(a-b)^2+ab, \]

and the product-to-sum formula,

\[ \cos76^\circ\cos16^\circ = \frac{\cos60^\circ+\cos92^\circ}{2}. \] \[ = \frac{\frac12-\sin2^\circ}{2}. \]

Also,

\[ \cos^2 76^\circ+\cos^2 16^\circ = \frac{1+\cos152^\circ}{2} + \frac{1+\cos32^\circ}{2}. \] \[ = 1+\frac{\cos152^\circ+\cos32^\circ}{2}. \] \[ = 1+\frac{-\cos28^\circ+\cos32^\circ}{2}. \]

Combining all terms and simplifying gives

\[ \cos^2 76^\circ+\cos^2 16^\circ-\cos76^\circ\cos16^\circ = \frac{3}{4}. \]

Answer

\[ \boxed{\frac{3}{4}} \]

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