Value of tan⁻¹(a/b) − tan⁻¹((a−b)/(a+b))

Question

Evaluate:

\[ \tan^{-1}\left(\frac{a}{b}\right) – \tan^{-1}\left(\frac{a-b}{a+b}\right) \]

Solution

Use identity:

\[ \tan^{-1}x – \tan^{-1}y = \tan^{-1}\left(\frac{x – y}{1 + xy}\right) \]

Let

\[ x = \frac{a}{b}, \quad y = \frac{a-b}{a+b} \]

Then,

\[ \frac{x – y}{1 + xy} = \frac{\frac{a}{b} – \frac{a-b}{a+b}}{1 + \frac{a}{b}\cdot \frac{a-b}{a+b}} \]

Simplify numerator:

\[ \frac{a(a+b) – b(a-b)}{b(a+b)} = \frac{a^2 + ab – ab + b^2}{b(a+b)} = \frac{a^2 + b^2}{b(a+b)} \]

Simplify denominator:

\[ \frac{b(a+b) + a(a-b)}{b(a+b)} = \frac{ab + b^2 + a^2 – ab}{b(a+b)} = \frac{a^2 + b^2}{b(a+b)} \]

Thus,

\[ \frac{x – y}{1 + xy} = 1 \]

Therefore,

\[ \tan^{-1}(1) = \frac{\pi}{4} \]

Final Answer:

\[ \boxed{\frac{\pi}{4}} \]

Key Concept

Use the formula for difference of inverse tangents and simplify carefully.

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