Prove that cos 100° + cos 20° = cos 40°

Prove that: \[ \cos 100^\circ + \cos 20^\circ = \cos 40^\circ \]

Solution

Using the identity:
\[ \cos A + \cos B = 2 \cos \frac{A+B}{2} \cos \frac{A-B}{2} \]
Taking
\[ A = 100^\circ,\qquad B = 20^\circ \]
Then,
\[ \cos 100^\circ + \cos 20^\circ = 2 \cos \frac{100^\circ+20^\circ}{2} \cos \frac{100^\circ-20^\circ}{2} \]
\[ = 2 \cos \frac{120^\circ}{2} \cos \frac{80^\circ}{2} \]
\[ = 2 \cos 60^\circ \cos 40^\circ \]
\[ = 2 \times \frac{1}{2} \times \cos 40^\circ \]
\[ = \cos 40^\circ \]
Hence,
\[ \boxed{ \cos 100^\circ + \cos 20^\circ = \cos 40^\circ } \]

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