Calculate Values Using Identity

Calculate the Following Values

\[ x+\frac{1}{x}=3 \]

Find:

\[ x^2+\frac{1}{x^2},\quad x^3+\frac{1}{x^3},\quad x^4+\frac{1}{x^4} \]

Solution:

Using identity:

\[ \left(x+\frac{1}{x}\right)^2 = x^2+\frac{1}{x^2}+2 \]

\[ (3)^2 = x^2+\frac{1}{x^2}+2 \]

\[ 9 = x^2+\frac{1}{x^2}+2 \]

\[ x^2+\frac{1}{x^2} = 7 \]

Now using identity:

\[ a^3+b^3=(a+b)^3-3ab(a+b) \]

\[ x^3+\frac{1}{x^3} = \left(x+\frac{1}{x}\right)^3 -3\left(x\cdot\frac{1}{x}\right)\left(x+\frac{1}{x}\right) \]

\[ = (3)^3-3(1)(3) \]

\[ = 27-9 \]

\[ = 18 \]

Now,

\[ \left(x^2+\frac{1}{x^2}\right)^2 = x^4+\frac{1}{x^4}+2 \]

\[ (7)^2 = x^4+\frac{1}{x^4}+2 \]

\[ 49 = x^4+\frac{1}{x^4}+2 \]

\[ x^4+\frac{1}{x^4} = 47 \]

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