If x cos θ = y cos(θ + 2π/3) = z cos(θ + 4π/3), prove that xy + yz + zx = 0

If \[ x\cos\theta = y\cos\left(\theta+\frac{2\pi}{3}\right) = z\cos\left(\theta+\frac{4\pi}{3}\right) \] prove that \[ xy+yz+zx=0 \]

Solution

Let

\[ x\cos\theta = y\cos\left(\theta+\frac{2\pi}{3}\right) = z\cos\left(\theta+\frac{4\pi}{3}\right) =k \]

Then

\[ x=\frac{k}{\cos\theta} \] \[ y=\frac{k}{\cos\left(\theta+\frac{2\pi}{3}\right)} \] \[ z=\frac{k}{\cos\left(\theta+\frac{4\pi}{3}\right)} \]

Now,

\[ xy+yz+zx \] \[ = k^2\left[ \frac1{\cos\theta\cos\left(\theta+\frac{2\pi}{3}\right)} \right. \] \[ + \frac1{ \cos\left(\theta+\frac{2\pi}{3}\right) \cos\left(\theta+\frac{4\pi}{3}\right) } \] \[ \left. + \frac1{ \cos\left(\theta+\frac{4\pi}{3}\right)\cos\theta } \right] \]

Take L.C.M.:

\[ = \frac{ k^2[ \cos\left(\theta+\frac{4\pi}{3}\right) +\cos\theta +\cos\left(\theta+\frac{2\pi}{3}\right) ] }{ \cos\theta \cos\left(\theta+\frac{2\pi}{3}\right) \cos\left(\theta+\frac{4\pi}{3}\right) } \]

Use identity:

\[ \cos\theta + \cos\left(\theta+\frac{2\pi}{3}\right) + \cos\left(\theta+\frac{4\pi}{3}\right) =0 \]
\[ xy+yz+zx=0 \]

Hence Proved.

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