Value of tan⁻¹(a/(b+c)) + tan⁻¹(b/(c+a))

Question

In triangle ABC, if \( C = 90^\circ \), find:

\[ \tan^{-1}\left(\frac{a}{b+c}\right) + \tan^{-1}\left(\frac{b}{c+a}\right) \]

Solution

In a right triangle at C:

\[ c^2 = a^2 + b^2 \]

Use identity:

\[ \tan^{-1}x + \tan^{-1}y = \tan^{-1}\left(\frac{x+y}{1-xy}\right) \]

Let

\[ x = \frac{a}{b+c}, \quad y = \frac{b}{c+a} \]

Compute numerator:

\[ x + y = \frac{a}{b+c} + \frac{b}{c+a} = \frac{a(c+a) + b(b+c)}{(b+c)(c+a)} \]

\[ = \frac{ac + a^2 + b^2 + bc}{(b+c)(c+a)} \]

\[ = \frac{c(a+b) + (a^2 + b^2)}{(b+c)(c+a)} \]

Since \( a^2 + b^2 = c^2 \):

\[ = \frac{c(a+b+c)}{(b+c)(c+a)} \]

Compute denominator:

\[ 1 – xy = 1 – \frac{ab}{(b+c)(c+a)} \]

\[ = \frac{(b+c)(c+a) – ab}{(b+c)(c+a)} \]

\[ = \frac{bc + ca + c^2}{(b+c)(c+a)} \]

\[ = \frac{c(a+b+c)}{(b+c)(c+a)} \]

Thus:

\[ \frac{x+y}{1-xy} = 1 \]

\[ \tan^{-1}(1) = \frac{\pi}{4} \]

Final Answer:

\[ \boxed{\frac{\pi}{4}} \]

Key Concept

Use Pythagoras and tangent addition identity cleverly.

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