Prove that cos36° cos42° cos60° cos78° = 1/16

Prove that: \[ \cos36^\circ\cos42^\circ\cos60^\circ\cos78^\circ = \frac1{16} \]

Solution

Since

\[ \cos60^\circ=\frac12 \]

therefore,

\[ \cos36^\circ\cos42^\circ\cos60^\circ\cos78^\circ = \frac12\cos36^\circ\cos42^\circ\cos78^\circ \]

Also,

\[ \cos78^\circ=\sin12^\circ \]

Hence,

\[ = \frac12\cos36^\circ\cos42^\circ\sin12^\circ \]

Using the identity

\[ 2\sin A\cos B = \sin(A+B)+\sin(A-B) \]

with

\[ A=12^\circ,\qquad B=42^\circ \]
\[ 2\sin12^\circ\cos42^\circ = \sin54^\circ+\sin(-30^\circ) \]
\[ = \sin54^\circ-\sin30^\circ \]
\[ = \cos36^\circ-\frac12 \]

Therefore,

\[ \sin12^\circ\cos42^\circ = \frac12\left(\cos36^\circ-\frac12\right) \]

Substitute this value:

\[ = \frac12\cos36^\circ \cdot \frac12\left(\cos36^\circ-\frac12\right) \]
\[ = \frac14 \left( \cos^236^\circ-\frac12\cos36^\circ \right) \]

Using the standard value

\[ \cos36^\circ=\frac{\sqrt5+1}{4} \]

Therefore,

\[ \cos^236^\circ = \left(\frac{\sqrt5+1}{4}\right)^2 = \frac{3+\sqrt5}{8} \]

Hence,

\[ = \frac14 \left( \frac{3+\sqrt5}{8} – \frac{\sqrt5+1}{8} \right) \]
\[ = \frac14\cdot\frac2{8} \]
\[ = \frac1{16} \]

Hence proved.

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