Prove that \( 2\tan^{-1}\left(\frac{3}{4}\right) – \tan^{-1}\left(\frac{17}{31}\right) = \frac{\pi}{4} \)
Solution:
Let
\[ \theta = \tan^{-1}\left(\frac{3}{4}\right) \]
Then,
\[ \tan \theta = \frac{3}{4} \]
Using identity:
\[ \tan(2\theta) = \frac{2\tan\theta}{1 – \tan^2\theta} \]
\[ = \frac{2 \cdot \frac{3}{4}}{1 – \left(\frac{3}{4}\right)^2} = \frac{6/4}{1 – 9/16} = \frac{6/4}{7/16} = \frac{24}{7} \]
\[ \Rightarrow 2\theta = \tan^{-1}\left(\frac{24}{7}\right) \]
Now consider:
\[ \tan^{-1}\left(\frac{24}{7}\right) – \tan^{-1}\left(\frac{17}{31}\right) \]
Using identity:
\[ \tan^{-1}a – \tan^{-1}b = \tan^{-1}\left(\frac{a – b}{1 + ab}\right) \]
\[ = \tan^{-1}\left(\frac{\frac{24}{7} – \frac{17}{31}}{1 + \frac{24}{7}\cdot\frac{17}{31}}\right) \]
\[ = \tan^{-1}\left(\frac{\frac{744 – 119}{217}}{1 + \frac{408}{217}}\right) \]
\[ = \tan^{-1}\left(\frac{625/217}{625/217}\right) = \tan^{-1}(1) = \frac{\pi}{4} \]
Hence,
\[ 2\tan^{-1}\left(\frac{3}{4}\right) – \tan^{-1}\left(\frac{17}{31}\right) = \frac{\pi}{4} \]
Final Answer:
\[ 2\tan^{-1}\left(\frac{3}{4}\right) – \tan^{-1}\left(\frac{17}{31}\right) = \frac{\pi}{4} \]