Prove that sin 51° + cos 81° = cos 21°

Prove that: \[ \sin 51^\circ + \cos 81^\circ = \cos 21^\circ \]

Solution

Convert cosine into sine form using:
\[ \cos \theta = \sin(90^\circ-\theta) \]
\[ \cos 81^\circ = \sin 9^\circ \]
Therefore,
\[ \sin 51^\circ + \cos 81^\circ = \sin 51^\circ + \sin 9^\circ \]
Using the identity:
\[ \sin A + \sin B = 2\sin\frac{A+B}{2}\cos\frac{A-B}{2} \]
Taking
\[ A=51^\circ,\qquad B=9^\circ \]
Then,
\[ = 2\sin\frac{51^\circ+9^\circ}{2} \cos\frac{51^\circ-9^\circ}{2} \]
\[ = 2\sin30^\circ\cos21^\circ \]
\[ = 2\times\frac{1}{2}\times\cos21^\circ \]
\[ = \cos21^\circ \]
Hence,
\[ \boxed{ \sin 51^\circ + \cos81^\circ = \cos21^\circ } \]

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