Prove that (sin A + sin 3A)/(cos A − cos 3A) = cot A

Prove that: \[ \frac{\sin A+\sin 3A}{\cos A-\cos 3A} = \cot A \]

Solution

Consider the left-hand side:
\[ \frac{\sin A+\sin 3A}{\cos A-\cos 3A} \]
Using the identity:
\[ \sin A+\sin B = 2\sin\frac{A+B}{2}\cos\frac{A-B}{2} \]
\[ \sin A+\sin 3A = 2\sin\frac{A+3A}{2}\cos\frac{A-3A}{2} \]
\[ = 2\sin2A\cos(-A) \]
Since,
\[ \cos(-A)=\cos A \]
\[ = 2\sin2A\cos A \]
Now using:
\[ \cos A-\cos B = -2\sin\frac{A+B}{2}\sin\frac{A-B}{2} \]
\[ \cos A-\cos 3A = -2\sin\frac{A+3A}{2}\sin\frac{A-3A}{2} \]
\[ = -2\sin2A\sin(-A) \]
Since,
\[ \sin(-A)=-\sin A \]
\[ = 2\sin2A\sin A \]
Therefore,
\[ \frac{\sin A+\sin 3A}{\cos A-\cos 3A} = \frac{2\sin2A\cos A}{2\sin2A\sin A} \]
\[ = \frac{\cos A}{\sin A} \]
\[ = \cot A \]
Hence,
\[ \boxed{ \frac{\sin A+\sin 3A}{\cos A-\cos 3A} = \cot A } \]

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